How to make your buying more sustainable
You can improve your purchasing practices and take action to address cost, environmental and social issues, at all stages of your procurement process.
Review what your business buys
You should analyse what goods and services your business buys. You can use this information to prioritise key areas within your business where you could be purchasing more sustainably.
You could prioritise the goods or services that cost you the most or those with the highest environmental or social impact.
Gathering this information before you start sustainable procurement will help you to:
- cut whole life costs by identifying ways to improve your efficiency and reduce your consumption
- identify where and how much you spend on what items
- confirm which parts of your business buy products and services
- set targets to buy more sustainably
- develop a step-by-step plan to improve your purchasing.
Understand your sustainability risks and impacts
You should assess the sustainability risks of each purchase or contract over its life cycle. This will help you identify what you can do to minimise the environmental and social risks of your purchases.
It is good practice to use a risk-based approach. This means you should identify which of the sustainability impacts of the purchase have the highest risk and what you will need to do to remove or reduce these when making your purchase.
Assess the whole life costs
Consider all costs linked with your purchase (known as 'whole life costs'), including raw materials, manufacture, maintenance and disposal, not just the cost of buying it.
This can help you to decide if it is better to buy a product or service that is initially more expensive, to reduce costs in the longer term. Sustainable products may last longer, use less energy, water and materials, and produce less waste. They may also cost you less to dispose of, at the end of their life.
Use environmental and social criteria
Include environmental and social measures in your purchasing process. You can include this as part of your supplier selection or pre-qualification.
You may choose to specify minimum environmental and social requirements from those you purchase from, for example about:
- how a product is produced or manufactured or how a service is delivered - for example to require it is organic, uses an environmentally friendly process, uses a local supplier for a catering service, or the products aren't transported long distances
- a physical characteristic of a product or service - for example, to require it contains recycled content and establish the minimum recycled content it has to include, it does not use hazardous materials like lead or mercury, it is reusable; or require it only uses reusable or recyclable packaging, etc.
- a minimum level of performance, eg it meets a required standard for energy or water efficiency, meets a certified standard like ISO 14001 or SA 8000, or the product must last for a minimum length of time.
An environmental label shows that a product or service is produced with less impact on the environment. You may be able to buy a product or service with an environmental label, or ecolabel, showing it meets your minimum requirements. See the page in this guideline: Buying products and services with environmental labels.
There are sustainable procurement standards public sector organisations must comply with. Businesses may consider these as good practice guidance. Find links to a number of these in this guideline: in the page on Environmentally friendly products and services - further information.
Manage contracts and suppliers
When evaluating tenders and awarding a contract, check that a supplier meets your environmental or social requirements. Monitor and review your contracts and suppliers to check they deliver the environmental and social performance you require.
You could include your sustainable procurement process in your environmental management system (EMS) if you have one. For more information about EMS, see our guideline: Environmental management systems (EMS) and environmental reports
If you don't have a formal EMS you could develop a sustainable purchasing policy that is supported by senior managers in your business.
Tell your suppliers and staff about your sustainable procurement objectives and processes, and encourage them to buy or deliver products and services that improve your environmental and social purchasing.
Ask your supplier how they could meet your needs more sustainably, and work with them to develop innovative solutions.
Tools and guidance on sustainable procurement
There are several toolkits and guidance you can use to help introduce sustainable procurement in your business. See the page in this guideline on Environmentally friendly products and services - further information.